Scientists Create Mini Human Brains to Power Computers

The Emergence of Biocomputing: A New Frontier in Technology

Biocomputing, a concept once confined to the realm of science fiction, is now becoming a reality. Researchers are exploring the possibility of creating computers using living cells, marking a significant shift in how we think about technology and computation. This field, often referred to as "wetware," involves the use of biological components to perform computational tasks.

Dr. Fred Jordan, co-founder of the FinalSpark lab, is at the forefront of this movement. His vision includes data centers filled with "living" servers that can replicate aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) learning while consuming significantly less energy than traditional methods. This ambitious goal is driven by the potential of biocomputing to revolutionize the way we process information.

Understanding Wetware

The term "wetware" might sound unusual, but it represents a fundamental shift in computing. Instead of relying on silicon-based hardware, wetware involves creating neurons that form clusters known as organoids. These organoids can be connected to electrodes, allowing researchers to test their ability to function like mini-computers.

Dr. Jordan acknowledges that the concept of biocomputing may seem strange to many. However, he emphasizes that it challenges our understanding of the brain and its functions. By using neurons as machines, scientists are redefining what it means to be a computer.

The Process of Creating Organoids

FinalSpark's process begins with stem cells derived from human skin cells. These cells are obtained from a clinic in Japan, where donors remain anonymous. While the lab receives numerous offers, they only select cells from official suppliers to ensure quality.

In the lab, Dr. Flora Brozzi, a cellular biologist, demonstrated the creation of organoids. These tiny, lab-grown mini-brains consist of clusters of neurons and supporting cells. Although they lack the complexity of a human brain, they share the same building blocks.

After several months of development, these organoids are attached to electrodes and tested with simple keyboard commands. Electrical signals are sent and received, with results recorded on a computer. This process allows researchers to observe the organoids' responses, providing insights into their functionality.

Challenges and Discoveries

One of the biggest challenges in biocomputing is keeping the organoids alive. Unlike traditional computers, which require a power supply, biocomputers need a more complex environment. Simon Schultz, professor of Neurotechnology at Imperial College London, highlights that organoids lack blood vessels, which are essential for nutrient delivery in the human brain.

Despite these challenges, FinalSpark has made progress, with organoids surviving up to four months. However, there are eerie findings associated with their eventual demise. Sometimes, the organoids exhibit increased activity before dying, similar to the end-of-life phenomena observed in humans.

Dr. Jordan notes that these events occur frequently, with approximately 1,000 to 2,000 instances recorded over five years. While these occurrences are unfortunate, they provide valuable insights into the behavior of biocomputers.

Real-World Applications and Future Prospects

FinalSpark is not alone in the biocomputing space. Australian firm Cortical Labs has successfully enabled artificial neurons to play the game Pong. In the US, researchers at Johns Hopkins University are developing "mini-brains" to study information processing, particularly for drug development related to neurological conditions like Alzheimer's and autism.

Dr. Lena Smirnova, leading research at Johns Hopkins University, believes that wetware is scientifically exciting but still in its early stages. She suggests that biocomputing will complement rather than replace silicon-based AI, advancing disease modeling and reducing animal testing.

Prof. Schultz agrees, stating that while biocomputing may not out-compete silicon in many areas, it will find a niche. As the technology progresses, it brings us closer to real-world applications.

The Sci-Fi Influence

Dr. Jordan remains captivated by the sci-fi origins of biocomputing. He recalls feeling sad when his life didn't match the worlds depicted in books and movies. Now, he feels like he is living in those stories, writing them as they unfold.

Exploring the Future of Biocomputing

As biocomputing continues to evolve, it holds the promise of transforming technology and computation. While challenges remain, the potential for innovation is immense. From data centers with living servers to advanced disease modeling, the future of biocomputing is both exciting and uncertain.